Effect of Painless Rehabilitation Nursing for Hip Replacement Patients

Objective To analyze the effect of painless rehabilitation nursing for hip replacement patients. Method 124 elderly patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group was given routine nursing care, and the observation group was given painless rehabilitation care on the basis of the control group. Knee circumference, knee pain, knee function, agitation and sleep duration were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results The changes of knee circumference diametral in both groups were significantly decreased at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation; The changes of knee circumference diametral in the observation group were significantly smaller than those in the control group at 3,7 days after operation (P <0.05). VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores at 1, 3 and 7 d after operation were significantly decreased in both groups; The score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). HSS (Hospital for special surgery) scores increased significantly in both groups at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. All the comparisons were statistically significant (P <0.05); HSS scores of observation group were significantly higher than control group at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The agitation rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the sleep time of observation group increased significantly in each period, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion Perioperative painless rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with hip replacement could significantly relieve swelling and pain, it was helpful for the patients to recover the function of knee joint after operation and worthy of clinical application.


Introduction
In clinic, femoral neck fracture usually occurs in the elderly. Hip replacement is mainly used in the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture in clinical, mainly for the elderly patients over 50 years old.Due to the inability of the affected limb to walk with weight after fracture, it needs to stay in bed for a long time, but it is prone to serious bed complications such as bedsore, accumulated pneumonia, urinary tract infection and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, which is difficult to care [1].the treatment effect of acetabular degeneration, articular ankylosis, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck fracture and other symptoms is good, which can effectively restore the patient's hip function [2]. The operation process of total hip arthroplasty is convenient and operable, and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions is relatively low and the safety factor is high [3]. Hip arthroplasty is the most effective method for the treatment of hip disease and femoral neck fracture. This operation is to place a metal prosthesis similar to human bone and joint into the damaged joint surface. The ultimate purpose of hip arthroplasty is to restore joint function and eliminate pain, but the recovery of joint function after arthroplasty is closely related to patients' postoperative rehabilitation exercise [4]. Due to the poor physical quality of the elderly patients, the incidence of postoperative complications is higher. Therefore, how to perform effective analgesia for patients with hip joint disease is of great significance [5,6]. Early rehabilitation nursing intervention as soon as possible after the recovery of patients' consciousness can not only improve their psychological state, but also enhance the patients' attention to postoperative rehabilitation exercise, effectively alleviate their pain and create conditions for the smooth progress of follow-up rehabilitation exercise [7]. Studies have shown that painless rehabilitation care has a more prominent effect in preventing postoperative pain and can promote faster recovery of patients [8,9].
To analyze the effect of painless rehabilitation nursing for hip replacement patients. 124 elderly patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as study subjects. The indexes of knee circumference diameter and knee pain were observed 1, 3 and 7 days after operation; The indexes of knee function、agitation situation and sleep time were observed 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation. The application effect of painless rehabilitation nursing for hip replacement patients was discussed by analyzing the data of the above five observation indexes. The rest of our paper consists as section-2 illustrates materials and methods that we have used during our research work, section-3, makes a comparative analysis of the two groups of cases, section-4 is based on discussing and finally, we conclude our work in section-5.
The detailed research content is as follows:

General Information.
According to the following exclusion criteria and inclusion criteria, 124 elderly patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as study subjects.

Exclusion Criteria
(1) Patients with malignant tumors, cognitive impairment, contraindications to anesthesia and incomplete clinical data (2) Preoperative analgesic drugs were used (3) Severe heart and lung dysfunction (4) Other persons who were not suitable to be enrolled 124 cases were divided into control group and observation group to be grouped by lot: In the control group, there were 62 cases, including 39 males and 23 females, the average age was (74.29 ± 3.35) between 66 and 85 years old, the body mass was 56~69 kg, with an average weight of (62.25 ± 2.36) kg. In the observation group, there were 62 cases, including 33 males and 29 females, the average age was (73.24 ± 3.32) between 64 and 85 years old, the body mass was 55~72 kg, with an average weight of (62.21 ± 2.65) kg. Participants and their families were informed, and baseline information remained homogeneous between groups (P > 0.05). The grouping details are shown in Table 1.

Methods.
During the perioperative period, the observation group adopted conventional nursing, namely preoperative examination under the guidance of the responsible nurse, formulation of personalized diet plan, preoperative psychological counseling, and intraoperative cooperation with the attending physician to complete the operation. Paying close attention to the changes of vital signs, follow the doctor's advice for routine treatment and resume knee function exercise. In the control group, the following measures were added to the perioperative nursing of the observation group: Preoperative evaluation; Pain education; Pain management; Pain care; Rehabilitation; Nutritional support; Psychological support. Details of the above measures are as follows: (1) Preoperative evaluation. After admission, the patient's physical condition was comprehensively evaluated based on the patient's health status and examination results to ensure the patient's tolerance during the operation, and the patient's vital signs were monitored in detail and make detailed paper records. Ensure that patients receive adequate nutritional support, psychological preparation and adequate preoperative preparation (2) Pain education. For different fear levels of pain, publicity materials related to painless care are posted in the ward, pain education manuals are distributed to patients, and psychological communication is carried out with patients to help patients deepen their understanding of pain (3) Pain management. For preoperative analgesia, celecoxib (200 mg) was given to the patient 3 days before the operation, twice a day, for 1 week after the operation. During the operation, femoral nerve combined with sciatic nerve block anesthesia was performed on the basis of general anesthesia. Attention was paid to keep warm during the operation, and intraoperative infusion volume was controlled. After surgery, when the patient returned to the ward, multimodal postoperative pain control was performed, such as parecoxib intramuscular injection [12] (5) Rehabilitation. Within 1 week after the operation, the patient was mainly manifested as local swelling and pain, and appropriate isometric exercises could be performed to help restore the original physiological function of the limb. Two weeks after the operation, the main symptoms were inflammation disappeared, callus formation and fracture end stability. There were moderate amount on the basis of muscle contraction exercise, gradually moving up and down joints. Prevent muscle atrophy (6) Nutritional support. If the patient had no symptoms of abdominal pain or abdominal distension 1 day after the operation, patient could eat an appropriate amount of fat-free or semi-liquid food. Under the guidance of the medical staff, patients were instructed to eat more light food which was easy to digest and rich in high quality protein, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits (7) Psychological support. Guide patients to correctly face the pain caused by operation after operation; Face the difficulties encountered in recovery with a positive attitude; Provide psychological support for patients' family members in helping patients recover. Actively prevent patients from mental diseases such as depression and mania Both groups were followed up for 5 months by telephone or outpatient follow-up, the follow-up period was from July 2020 to November 2020. And the recovery of knee joint function was recorded in detail.

Obvervational Index.
Knee circumference, knee pain, knee function, agitation and sleep duration were compared between the two groups. A soft tape measure was used to measure the circumference (mm) of the knee joint at 2 cm above the upper margin of the skeleton. The change of knee circumference diameter (mm) = the circumference diameter on the n day after surgery -the circumference diameter before surgery, in which n was 1, 3, 7d (2) Knee pain (1,3,7 d postoperatively). VAS Scale [14] (Visual Analogue Scale. This method is sensitive and comparable. Draw a 10 cm horizontal line on the paper. One end of the horizontal line is 0, indicating no pain; The other end is 10, indicating severe pain; The middle part indicates different degrees of pain.) was used to score the knee pain of the patients. 0~3 points: the patient had mild pain but can tolerate; 4~6 points: the patient's pain was more obvious, but could endure, if necessary, oral analgesic drugs; 7~10 points: The patient had more intense pain, pain severe unbearable (3) Knee function. HSS Scale [15] (Hospital for Special Surgery. The knee scoring system was proposed by the American Hospital for Special Surgery in 1976 to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative function of the knee. The main evaluation indexes include: pain, function, joint range of motion, muscle strength, knee flexion deformity and knee instability.) was used to score the knee joint function of the patients. There were 6 items including pain (30 points), function (22 points), activity (18 points), muscle strength (10 points), flexion deformity (10 points) and stability (10 points), and the scoring range was 0~100 points (4) Agitation condition. SAS (Sedative-Agitation Scale-A psychological scale used to measure the severity of anxiety and its changes during treatment. It is mainly used for efficacy evaluation, not for diagnosis.) [16] was used to evaluate, according to the level

Results of Knee Circumference Diameter.
The changes of knee circumference diametral in both groups were significantly decreased at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation; The changes of knee circumference diametral in the observation group were significantly smaller than those in the control group at 3,7 days after operation (P <0.05). Results of knee circumference diameter was shown in Table 2: 3.2. Results of Knee Pain. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores at 1, 3 and 7 d after operation were significantly decreased in both groups; The score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Results of knee pain was shown in Table 3: 3.3. Results of Knee Function. HSS (Hospital for special surgery) scores increased significantly in both groups at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. All the comparisons were statistically significant (P <0.05); HSS scores of observation group were significantly higher than control group at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Results of knee function was shown in Table 4: 3.4. Result of Agitation Situation. The agitation rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Result of agitation situation was shown in Table 5:

Result of Sleep Time.
Compared with the control group, the sleep time of observation group increased significantly in each period, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Table 6:

Discussion
For patients undergoing hip replacement operation, getting out of bed as soon as possible after surgery can effectively prevent deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities [17]. Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis is the main complication of hip arthroplasty, but postoperative pain leads most patients to dread early functional exercise, which leads to a series of complications [18]. Pain affects the mood, confidence and expectation of future healthy life of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Therefore, pain is an important index that should be considered in postoperative nursing of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty [19]. Studies have    [20]. The painless management system has been applied well in many departments. With the continuous improvement of medical standards in recent years, people's demand for quality of care has also been rising, and pain care has gradually attracted attention [21]. Traditional Chinese medicine physiotherapy, related gymnastics and targeted limb movements can have a certain effect on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Clinical studies have shown that effective psychological intervention and pain care can significantly reduce patients' negative emotions and pain response [22]. Continuous psychological counseling for patients after operation can alleviate the anxiety or depression of patients and contribute to the rehabilitation of patients [23]. Therefore, painless rehabilitation nursing of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty is one of the hotspots of orthopaedic nursing. This study showed that the changes of knee circumference diametral in both groups were significantly decreased at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation; The changes of knee circumference diametral in the observation group were significantly smaller than those in the control group at 3,7 days after operation (P <0.05). VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores at 1, 3 and 7 d after operation were significantly decreased in both groups; The score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).HSS scores increased significantly in both groups at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. All the comparisons were statistically significant (P <0.05); HSS scores of observation group were significantly higher than control group at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The agitation rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the sleep time of observation group increased significantly in each period, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05).

Conclusion
To sum up, the perioperative painless rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with hip joint replacement could significantly relieve swelling and pain. It is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients and accelerate the rehabilitation process of patients. It is of great significance to the establishment of a good and harmonious doctor-patient relationship. It was helpful for the patients to recover the function of knee joint after operation and it was worthy of clinical application.
However, due to the limitation of our time and experience, the sample size collected is small, and there is no indepth use of SAS scale to study the postoperative mood of patients, which is the shortcomings of this study. We expect that future scholars can combine SAS scale to obtain postoperative emotion related indicators of patients, so as to improve the level of nursing service.

Data Availability
The datasets used during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.